语义解析

广义的语义解析任务指将自然语言文本处理为结构化的语义表示（Meaning Representation）。在不同的语义解析任务中，语义表示的结点定义和具体结构则由任务特性所决定，如 AMR 图、语义依存图、SQL 语法树。根据任务定义和实际应用，语义解析任务可以分为两大类：通用语义解析（General-Purpose）和任务特定语义解析（Task-Specific）。通用语义解析主要为具体的NLP下游任务提供语义学特征，如利用语义依存信息增强词单元之间的关系表示。任务特定语义解析主要服务于具体的下游应用，如利用 Text-to-SQL 技术辅助人员进行数据库交互。

在广义语义解析场景中，我们发表10余篇研究型论文在 CCF A/B 类会议上，并积极参与和组织相关技术评测：

（1）多次参加CoNLL国际相关评测并取得优秀成绩，涵盖多语言、多框架等不同场景；

（2）构建中文语义依存解析数据集（Chinese Semantic Denpendency Graph）及组织相关评测（CCL2020）。

目前，相应的通用语义解析技术已转化到 LTP 技术平台及多个落地应用项目中。

在任务特定语义解析场景中，我们主要探索了 Text-to-SQL 任务，其主要目的是辅助用户对关系型数据库进行访问。模型的输入为表格和问题，输出为可执行的 SQL 语句。

我们目前的研究工作在以下问题上进行了探究：

（1）如何对语义解析系统进行领域知识的扩充，以支持垂直领域场景下的应用；

（2）如何在预训练语言模型中加入结构信息，以针对不同场景搭建统一的语义解析模型;

（3）如何利用用户提供的交互信息，以增强模型在长难句和歧义句上的表现。

我们目前的研究成果包括 1 篇 CCF-B 类顶会论文，及国家电网创新 AI 大赛语义解析赛道第1名。在最新的 EMNLP 2022 工作中，我们提出利用公式型知识表示表格场景下的领域知识，使解析模型具备开卷考试的能力。

评测成绩

通用语义解析

Text-to-SQL语义解析

2021年国家电网创新AI大赛语义解析赛道第1名

论文列表

Deep Learning in Lexical Analysis and Parsing

Springer Singapore, 79--116, ISBN: 9789811052095, 2018.

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Yue

Deep Learning in Lexical Analysis and Parsing

Springer Singapore, 79--116, ISBN: 9789811052095, 2018.

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Yue

A Closer Look into the Robustness of Neural Dependency Parsers Using Better Adversarial Examples

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, 2344--2354, 2021.

Wang, Yuxuan and Che, Wanxiang and Titov, Ivan and Cohen, Shay B. and Lei, Zhilin and Liu, Ting

A Closer Look into the Robustness of Neural Dependency Parsers Using Better Adversarial Examples

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, 2344--2354, 2021.

Wang, Yuxuan and Che, Wanxiang and Titov, Ivan and Cohen, Shay B. and Lei, Zhilin and Liu, Ting

HIT-SCIR at MRP 2020: Transition-based Parser and Iterative Inference Parser

Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing, 65--72, 2020.

Dou, Longxu and Feng, Yunlong and Ji, Yuqiu and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

HIT-SCIR at MRP 2020: Transition-based Parser and Iterative Inference Parser

Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing, 65--72, 2020.

Dou, Longxu and Feng, Yunlong and Ji, Yuqiu and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Cross-Lingual BERT Transformation for Zero-Shot Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), 5721--5727, 2019.

Wang, Yuxuan and Che, Wanxiang and Guo, Jiang and Liu, Yijia and Liu, Ting

Cross-Lingual BERT Transformation for Zero-Shot Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), 5721--5727, 2019.

Wang, Yuxuan and Che, Wanxiang and Guo, Jiang and Liu, Yijia and Liu, Ting

Deep contextualized word embeddings for universal dependency parsing

ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), 1--17, 2019.

Liu, Yijia and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

Deep contextualized word embeddings for universal dependency parsing

ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), 1--17, 2019.

Liu, Yijia and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

HIT-SCIR at MRP 2019: A Unified Pipeline for Meaning Representation Parsing via Efficient Training and Effective Encoding

Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Natural Language Learning, 76--85, 2019.

Che, Wanxiang and Dou, Longxu and Xu, Yang and Wang, Yuxuan and Liu, Yijia and Liu, Ting

HIT-SCIR at MRP 2019: A Unified Pipeline for Meaning Representation Parsing via Efficient Training and Effective Encoding

Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Natural Language Learning, 76--85, 2019.

Che, Wanxiang and Dou, Longxu and Xu, Yang and Wang, Yuxuan and Liu, Yijia and Liu, Ting

A Neural Transition-Based Approach for Semantic Dependency Graph Parsing

Proceedings of the Thirty-Second {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (AAAI-18), the 30th innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-18), and the 8th {AAAI} Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence (EAAI-18), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February 2-7, 2018, 5561--5568, 2018.

Yuxuan Wang and Wanxiang Che and Jiang Guo and Ting Liu

A Neural Transition-Based Approach for Semantic Dependency Graph Parsing

Yuxuan Wang and Wanxiang Che and Jiang Guo and Ting Liu

An AMR Aligner Tuned by Transition-based Parser

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2422--2430, 2018.

Liu, Yijia and Che, Wanxiang and Zheng, Bo and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

An AMR Aligner Tuned by Transition-based Parser

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2422--2430, 2018.

Liu, Yijia and Che, Wanxiang and Zheng, Bo and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

Parsing Tweets into Universal Dependencies

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), 965--975, 2018.

Liu, Yijia and Zhu, Yi and Che, Wanxiang and Qin, Bing and Schneider, Nathan and Smith, Noah A.

Parsing Tweets into Universal Dependencies

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), 965--975, 2018.

Liu, Yijia and Zhu, Yi and Che, Wanxiang and Qin, Bing and Schneider, Nathan and Smith, Noah A.

Towards Better UD Parsing: Deep Contextualized Word Embeddings, Ensemble, and Treebank Concatenation

Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, 55--64, 2018.

Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Yijia and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Liu, Ting

Towards Better UD Parsing: Deep Contextualized Word Embeddings, Ensemble, and Treebank Concatenation

Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, 55--64, 2018.

Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Yijia and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Liu, Ting

Deep Learning in Lexical Analysis and Parsing

Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts, 1--2, 2017.

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Yue

Deep Learning in Lexical Analysis and Parsing

Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts, 1--2, 2017.

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Yue

The HIT-SCIR System for End-to-End Parsing of Universal Dependencies

Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, 52--62, 2017.

Che, Wanxiang and Guo, Jiang and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Zhao, Huaipeng and Liu, Yang and Teng, Dechuan and Liu, Ting

The HIT-SCIR System for End-to-End Parsing of Universal Dependencies

Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, 52--62, 2017.

Che, Wanxiang and Guo, Jiang and Wang, Yuxuan and Zheng, Bo and Zhao, Huaipeng and Liu, Yang and Teng, Dechuan and Liu, Ting

A distributed representation-based framework for cross-lingual transfer parsing

Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 995--1023, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Yarowsky, David and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

A distributed representation-based framework for cross-lingual transfer parsing

Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 995--1023, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Yarowsky, David and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

A Representation Learning Framework for Multi-Source Transfer Parsing

Proceedings of the Thirtieth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, February 12-17, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, {USA}, 2734--2740, 2016.

Jiang Guo and Wanxiang Che and David Yarowsky and Haifeng Wang and Ting Liu

A Representation Learning Framework for Multi-Source Transfer Parsing

Proceedings of the Thirtieth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, February 12-17, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, {USA}, 2734--2740, 2016.

Jiang Guo and Wanxiang Che and David Yarowsky and Haifeng Wang and Ting Liu

A Universal Framework for Inductive Transfer Parsing across Multi-typed Treebanks

Proceedings of {COLING} 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, 12--22, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

A Universal Framework for Inductive Transfer Parsing across Multi-typed Treebanks

Proceedings of {COLING} 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, 12--22, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

Exploiting multi-typed treebanks for parsing with deep multi-task learning

ArXiv preprint, abs/1606.01161, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

Exploiting multi-typed treebanks for parsing with deep multi-task learning

ArXiv preprint, abs/1606.01161, 2016.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

HC-Search for Incremental Parsing

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2016, New York, NY, USA, 9-15 July 2016, 2887--2893, 2016.

Yijia Liu and Wanxiang Che and Bing Qin and Ting Liu

HC-Search for Incremental Parsing

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2016, New York, NY, USA, 9-15 July 2016, 2887--2893, 2016.

Yijia Liu and Wanxiang Che and Bing Qin and Ting Liu

Transition-based chinese semantic dependency graph parsing

Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, 12--24, 2016.

Wang, Yuxuan and Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Transition-based chinese semantic dependency graph parsing

Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, 12--24, 2016.

Wang, Yuxuan and Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing Based on Distributed Representations

Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), 1234--1244, 2015.

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Yarowsky, David and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing Based on Distributed Representations

Guo, Jiang and Che, Wanxiang and Yarowsky, David and Wang, Haifeng and Liu, Ting

Character-Level Chinese Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 1326--1336, 2014.

Zhang, Meishan and Zhang, Yue and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Character-Level Chinese Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 1326--1336, 2014.

Zhang, Meishan and Zhang, Yue and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Dependency graph based chinese semantic parsing

Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, 58--69, 2014.

Ding, Yu and Shao, Yanqiu and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Dependency graph based chinese semantic parsing

Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, 58--69, 2014.

Ding, Yu and Shao, Yanqiu and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Jointly or Separately: Which is Better for Parsing Heterogeneous Dependencies?

Proceedings of {COLING} 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, 530--540, 2014.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

Jointly or Separately: Which is Better for Parsing Heterogeneous Dependencies?

Proceedings of {COLING} 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, 530--540, 2014.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

Chinese Parsing Exploiting Characters

Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 125--134, 2013.

Zhang, Meishan and Zhang, Yue and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Chinese Parsing Exploiting Characters

Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 125--134, 2013.

Zhang, Meishan and Zhang, Yue and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Joint optimization for Chinese pos tagging and dependency parsing

IEEE/ACM transactions on audio, speech, and language processing, 274--286, 2013.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Chen, Wenliang

Joint optimization for Chinese pos tagging and dependency parsing

IEEE/ACM transactions on audio, speech, and language processing, 274--286, 2013.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Chen, Wenliang

A Comparison of Chinese Parsers for Stanford Dependencies

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 11--16, 2012.

Che, Wanxiang and Spitkovsky, Valentin and Liu, Ting

A Comparison of Chinese Parsers for Stanford Dependencies

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 11--16, 2012.

Che, Wanxiang and Spitkovsky, Valentin and Liu, Ting

A Separately Passive-Aggressive Training Algorithm for Joint POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of {COLING} 2012, 1681--1698, 2012.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

A Separately Passive-Aggressive Training Algorithm for Joint POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of {COLING} 2012, 1681--1698, 2012.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Active learning for Chinese dependency parsing

Journal of Chinese information processing, 18--22, 2012.

Che, WX and Zhang, MS and Liu, T

Active learning for Chinese dependency parsing

Journal of Chinese information processing, 18--22, 2012.

Che, WX and Zhang, MS and Liu, T

Exploiting Multiple Treebanks for Parsing with Quasi-synchronous Grammars

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 675--684, 2012.

Li, Zhenghua and Liu, Ting and Che, Wanxiang

Exploiting Multiple Treebanks for Parsing with Quasi-synchronous Grammars

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 675--684, 2012.

Li, Zhenghua and Liu, Ting and Che, Wanxiang

Hit dependency parsing: Bootstrap aggregating heterogeneous parsers

Notes of the First Workshop on Syntactic Analysis of Non-Canonical Language (SANCL), 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Yijia and Li, Zhenghua and Liu, Ting

Hit dependency parsing: Bootstrap aggregating heterogeneous parsers

Notes of the First Workshop on Syntactic Analysis of Non-Canonical Language (SANCL), 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Yijia and Li, Zhenghua and Liu, Ting

Improve Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing via Syntactic Dependency Parsing

2012 International Conference on Asian Language Processing, 53--56, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

Improve Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing via Syntactic Dependency Parsing

2012 International Conference on Asian Language Processing, 53--56, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

Multiple TreeBanks Integration for Chinese Phrase Structure Grammar Parsing Using Bagging

Proceedings of the Second {CIPS}-{SIGHAN} Joint Conference on {C}hinese Language Processing, 168--173, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Multiple TreeBanks Integration for Chinese Phrase Structure Grammar Parsing Using Bagging

Proceedings of the Second {CIPS}-{SIGHAN} Joint Conference on {C}hinese Language Processing, 168--173, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

SemEval-2012 Task 5: Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing

*{SEM} 2012: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics {--} Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation ({S}em{E}val 2012), 378--384, 2012.

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Meishan and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

SemEval-2012 Task 5: Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing

Che, Wanxiang and Zhang, Meishan and Shao, Yanqiu and Liu, Ting

Stacking Heterogeneous Joint Models of Chinese POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of {COLING} 2012, 3071--3088, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Li, Zhenghua

Stacking Heterogeneous Joint Models of Chinese POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of {COLING} 2012, 3071--3088, 2012.

Zhang, Meishan and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Li, Zhenghua

Improving Chinese POS Tagging with Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 1447--1451, 2011.

Li, Zhenghua and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Improving Chinese POS Tagging with Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 1447--1451, 2011.

Li, Zhenghua and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Joint Models for Chinese POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 1180--1191, 2011.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Chen, Wenliang and Li, Haizhou

Joint Models for Chinese POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing

Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 1180--1191, 2011.

Li, Zhenghua and Zhang, Min and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting and Chen, Wenliang and Li, Haizhou

Beam-search based high-order dependency parser [J]

Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 37--41, 2010.

LI, Zheng-hua and CHE, Wan-xiang and Liu, Ting

Beam-search based high-order dependency parser [J]

Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 37--41, 2010.

LI, Zheng-hua and CHE, Wan-xiang and Liu, Ting

Improving dependency parsing using punctuation

2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing, 53--56, 2010.

Li, Zhenghua and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Improving dependency parsing using punctuation

2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing, 53--56, 2010.

Li, Zhenghua and Che, Wanxiang and Liu, Ting

Multilingual Dependency-based Syntactic and Semantic Parsing

Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2009): Shared Task, 49--54, 2009.

Che, Wanxiang and Li, Zhenghua and Li, Yongqiang and Guo, Yuhang and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

Multilingual Dependency-based Syntactic and Semantic Parsing

Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2009): Shared Task, 49--54, 2009.

Che, Wanxiang and Li, Zhenghua and Li, Yongqiang and Guo, Yuhang and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting

A Cascaded Syntactic and Semantic Dependency Parsing System

{C}o{NLL} 2008: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, 238--242, 2008.

Che, Wanxiang and Li, Zhenghua and Hu, Yuxuan and Li, Yongqiang and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting and Li, Sheng

A Cascaded Syntactic and Semantic Dependency Parsing System

{C}o{NLL} 2008: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, 238--242, 2008.

Che, Wanxiang and Li, Zhenghua and Hu, Yuxuan and Li, Yongqiang and Qin, Bing and Liu, Ting and Li, Sheng